Frequently Asked Questions

1. Why apply Vitamin C to your skin? 
   Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant, collagen booster, and skin brightener. So it can improve the look of uneven pigmentation, dark spots, lines and wrinkles. And while most animals are able to synthesize Vitamin C within their bodies, human beings cannot and must get Vitamin C from external sources.
   
   
2. Why use the Ethyl Ascorbic Acid form of Vitamin C?
   Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is an etherified derivative of Ascorbic Acid that is soluble in water and oil. Because it contains an ethyl group bound to the third carbon position, Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is one of the most stable known forms of Vitamin C and able to penetrate the skin’s deeper layers without causing irritation.
   
   
3. Why avoid the Ascorbic Acid form of Vitamin C?
   Ascorbic Acid is highly acidic and can cause redness and irritation. When exposed to air, Ascorbic Acid undergoes oxidative decomposition and will lose two electrons. While oxidized ascorbic acid can no longer improve the skin's appearance, those two lost electrons can initiate free radical reactions.
   
   
4. Cejuvenation contains silicone, should you be concerned?
   Silicones have been unfairly demonized. But many of us are surprised to learn that silicones have a natural origin: they begin as the mineral silicon which then bonds with oxygen to form silica. Research has proven silicones non-toxic and non-irritating. And they benefit skin by preventing water loss, evenly depositing active ingredients and leaving a velvety, air- and water-permeable finish.
   
   
5. Is Niacinamide compatible with Vitamin C?
   Yes, you are safe using both niacinamide and vitamin C in the same product (despite online claims to the contrary). Together, these ingredients form a powerful combination that addresses uneven skin tone, wrinkles and loss of firmness. The bad press and confusion stems from 1960's research that used non-stabilized forms of both ingredients and incorrectly interpreted results. 
   
   
6. How to apply Cejuvenation with Toner
   If toner is part of your daily routine, apply toner (and allow to dry) before applying Cejuvenation.
   
   
7. How to use Makeup with Cejuvenation
   Apply makeup after applying Cejuvenation (and giving it about a minute to soak in). 
   
   
8. Why do I need to apply sunscreen over Cejuvenation before sun exposure?
   The active ingredients in Cejuvenation will make your skin more sensitive to the sun. Because the sun's ultraviolet light can cause the formation of free radicals that can emerge on your skin as dark spots and wrinkles, always apply SPF 30 or higher sunscreen over Cejuvenation before sun exposure.

REFERENCES

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, Volume 210, 1996, pages 3-12

Scars, Burns, and Healing, August 2019, ePublication

International Journal of Toxicology, December 2017, ePublication

Toxicology Letters, October 2017, Pages 2-22

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 11 (4) – Dec 1, 2012, Stability, transdermal penetration, and cutaneous effects of ascorbic acid and its derivatives

Iliopoulos, F., Sil, B., Moore, D., Lucas, R., & Lane, M. (2019). 3-O-ethyl-l-ascorbic acid: Characterization and investigation of single solvent systems for delivery to the skin. International Journal Of Pharmaceutics: X, 1, 100025. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100025



Liao, W. C., Huang, Y. T., Lu, L. P., & Huang, W. Y. (2018). Antioxidant Ability and Stability Studies of 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid, a Cosmetic Tyrosinase Inhibitor. Journal of cosmetic science, 69(4), 233–243

Davies MB, Austin J, Partridge DA (1991). Vitamin C: It's Chemistry and Biochemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 48. ISBN 0-85186-333-7

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 11 (4) – Dec 1, 2012, Stability, transdermal penetration, and cutaneous effects of ascorbic acid and its derivatives